Easy Semantic Markup of Commerce Concepts on the Web

It is difficult for a browser to extract semantic information about commerce-related metadata described on a web page. Metadata such as cost, price, currency, purchase process, and the effective date of the currency are commonly expressed on the web, but are rarely marked up such that computers can understand the concepts (June, 2008).

The Commerce RDF Vocabulary

The Commerce RDF vocabulary is used to mark up semantic information about metadata related to commerce. The easiest way to use the Commerce RDF Vocabulary is to use RDFa to embed the metadata into XHTML web pages. For more examples on how to use the vocabulary, see the Commerce RDFa examples on the RDFa wiki.

Base Vocabularies

The Commerce RDF Vocabulary relies on aggregating functionality in previously defined vocabularies. Vocabulary term re-use is of primary importance. What follows are the vocabularies on which the Commerce RDF Vocabulary depends:

xsd
The XML Schema Definition is used to provide the decimal and date data types.
dcterms
The Dublin Core Terms Vocabulary is used for describing dates.

Classes

commerce:Price
Status stable
Description A unit of exchange consisting of a currency and an amount.
Subclass of owl:Thing

Properties

commerce:currency
Status stable
Description The type of currency used when specifying a transaction amount.
Datatype (pick one)
  • plain literal using ISO-4217
  • plain literal (only if ISO-4217 code does not exist)
commerce:amount
Status stable
Description The number of currency units involved in the transaction.
Datatype
dcterms:date
Status stable
Description The effective date of the Price.
Datatype xsd:date using ISO-8601
commerce:payment
Status stable
Description A link to a method of paying for a thing.
Datatype URL using rel="commerce:payment"
commerce:costs
Status stable
Description A reference from the current subject to a Price for the current subject.
Datatype commerce:Price (containing both commerce:currency and commerce:amount)

Scope

Commerce content consistently share several common fields. Where possible the Commerce RDF Vocabulary has been based on this minimal common subset.

Out of scope

Properties that are industry-specific are to be placed in separate vocabularies related to particular industries. For example, shipping-related commerce could be placed into a shipping-specific vocabulary, such as http://purl.org/commerce/shipping.

Extending the Vocabulary

This vocabulary is the embodiment of a large group effort lead by Digital Bazaar, Inc. and pulls resources from the World Wide Web Consortium, the RDFa community and the Microformats community. It is a world-wide effort in semantic metadata standardization.

If you would like to extend this particular vocabulary, we ask that you engage the community in doing so. History has shown that if there is a wide-spread need for a vocabulary extension, it will be discussed, and agreed upon by the larger community before making it's way into the vocabulary. This process can take as little as a week. Work with us before forging out on your own, the knowledge of the masses are your ally.

Copyright and Patents

This document is copyright 2008 Digital Bazaar, Inc. and is licensed under a Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication.

All ideas and patentable material outlined in the document are hereby dedicated to the public domain. It is our intent that all future additions, modifications and contributions will be dedicated to the public domain as well.

We have released our copyright and control of this vocabulary for the good of the community and the betterment of the world in the name of open standards.

We kindly ask that proper credit is given when using the vocabulary. A line like the following is sufficient:

The Commerce RDF Vocabulary is an initiative lead by Digital Bazaar, Inc. and collaborated on by a number of people from the Web at large, the World Wide Web Consortium, the RDFa community and the Microformats community.

Acknowledgements

Many thanks to the various individuals that did research and proposed ideas and discussion related to commerce vocabularies in general. Among the many participants are Rob Manson, Leif Arne Storset, Andy Mabbett, Martin McEvoy, Joe Osowski, Michael Johnson, Dave Longley, and David I. Lehn.

Many thanks as well to Mike Kaply, Ben Adida, Mark Birbeck, Ralph R. Swick, Shane McCarron, Michael Hausenblas, Steven Pemberton, and Mike Linksvayer for guidance with regards to RDFa.

Editor

Manu Sporny, Bitmunk - Digital Bazaar, Inc.

Vocabulary Contributors

Manu Sporny, Andy Mabbett, David Longley, Michael Johnson, David I. Lehn.